Multimedia communications in vehicular adhoc networks for several applications in the smart cities

[EN] Road safety applications envisaged for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) depend largely on the exchange of messages to deliver information to concerned vehicles. Safety applications as well as inherent VANET characteristics make data dissemination an essential service and a challenging task. We are developing a decentralized efficient solution for broadcast data dissemination through two game-theoretical mechanisms. Besides, VANETs can also include autonomous vehicles (AVs). AVs might represent a revolutionary new paradigm that can be a reality in our cities in the next few years. AVs do not need a driver to work; instead, they should copy a proper human behavior to adapt the driving according to the current circumstances, such as speed limit, pedestrian crossing street or wheather conditions. We will develop an AV software module including artificial intelligence (AI) techniques so that AVs can interact with the dynamic scenario throughout time. Finally, we also will include electrical vehicles (EV) in the VANET, so that special services such as finding and reserving an EV charging station place will be welcome. In addition, we are developing a multimetric geographic routing protocol for VANETs to transmit H.265 video (traffic accident, traffic state, commercial….) over VANETs.This work was partly supported by the Spanish Government through the project TEC2014-54335-C4- 1-R INcident monitoRing In Smart COmmunities, QoS and Privacy (INRISCO). Cristian Iza is recipient of a grant from Secretaria Nacional de Educación Superior, Ciencia y Tecnología SENESCYT. Ahmad Mohamad Mezher is a postdoctoral researcher with the Information Security Group (ISG) at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC).Iza Paredes, C.; Uribe Ramírez, JA.; López Márquez, N.; Lemus, L.; Mezher, A.; Aguilar Igartua, M. (2018). Multimedia communications in vehicular adhoc networks for several applications in the smart cities. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 212-215. https://doi.org/10.4995/JITEL2017.2017.6584OCS21221

Avaluació del rendiment de l'ample de banda en protocols d'encaminament en escenaris urbans per xarxes vehiculars ad hoc

Evaluation and comparison between the performance of AODV routing protocol in contrast with a new one ABE.[ANGLÈS] Some services are critical and require to guaranteeing a certain level of Quality of Service (QoS) on metrics such as low delay, packet loss, bandwidth among others. This issue is a big challenge in VANETs environments where the high vehicles mobility is a parameter non-measurable especially in urban scenarios, where vehicles follow a movement pattern following streets at random directions. As a consequence, routing protocols have the hard task of determining and establishing the forwarding path to send data from source to destination via multihop steps using intermediate vehicles in an efficient way.[CASTELLÀ] Algunos servicios son críticos y requieren garantizar un cierto nivel de calidad de servicio en métricas tales como retardo, pérdida de paquetes, ancho, entre otras. Esta cuestión es un gran desafío dentro de los entornos VANETs donde la alta movilidad de los vehículos es un parámetro no cuantificable especialmente en escenarios urbanos, donde los vehículos siguen un patrón de movimiento siguiendo las calles en direcciones aleatorias. Como consecuencia, los protocolos de encaminamiento tienen la difícil tarea de determinar y establecer la ruta de transmisión para enviar los datos desde el origen hacia el destino vía multisaltos utilizando los vehículos intermedios de una manera eficiente.[CATALÀ] Alguns serveis són crítics i és necessari garantir un cert nivell de qualitat del servei (QoS) en mètriques tals com el retard, la pèrdua de paquets i l'ample de banda, entre d'altres. Aquesta qüestió suposa un gran desafiament en l'entorn de les VANETs, on l'alta mobilitat dels vehicles és un paràmetre no quantificable especialment en escenaris urbans, on els vehicles segueixen un patró de moviment aleatori pels carrers de la ciutat. Com a conseqüència, els protocols d'enrutament tenen la difícil tasca de determinar i establir la ruta de transmissió per enviar les dades des de l'origen fins al destí via multi-salt utilitzant vehicles intermedis d'una manera eficient

Avaluació del rendiment de l'ample de banda en protocols d'encaminament en escenaris urbans per xarxes vehiculars ad hoc

Evaluation and comparison between the performance of AODV routing protocol in contrast with a new one ABE.[ANGLÈS] Some services are critical and require to guaranteeing a certain level of Quality of Service (QoS) on metrics such as low delay, packet loss, bandwidth among others. This issue is a big challenge in VANETs environments where the high vehicles mobility is a parameter non-measurable especially in urban scenarios, where vehicles follow a movement pattern following streets at random directions. As a consequence, routing protocols have the hard task of determining and establishing the forwarding path to send data from source to destination via multihop steps using intermediate vehicles in an efficient way.[CASTELLÀ] Algunos servicios son críticos y requieren garantizar un cierto nivel de calidad de servicio en métricas tales como retardo, pérdida de paquetes, ancho, entre otras. Esta cuestión es un gran desafío dentro de los entornos VANETs donde la alta movilidad de los vehículos es un parámetro no cuantificable especialmente en escenarios urbanos, donde los vehículos siguen un patrón de movimiento siguiendo las calles en direcciones aleatorias. Como consecuencia, los protocolos de encaminamiento tienen la difícil tarea de determinar y establecer la ruta de transmisión para enviar los datos desde el origen hacia el destino vía multisaltos utilizando los vehículos intermedios de una manera eficiente.[CATALÀ] Alguns serveis són crítics i és necessari garantir un cert nivell de qualitat del servei (QoS) en mètriques tals com el retard, la pèrdua de paquets i l'ample de banda, entre d'altres. Aquesta qüestió suposa un gran desafiament en l'entorn de les VANETs, on l'alta mobilitat dels vehicles és un paràmetre no quantificable especialment en escenaris urbans, on els vehicles segueixen un patró de moviment aleatori pels carrers de la ciutat. Com a conseqüència, els protocols d'enrutament tenen la difícil tasca de determinar i establir la ruta de transmissió per enviar les dades des de l'origen fins al destí via multi-salt utilitzant vehicles intermedis d'una manera eficient

Avaluació del rendiment de l'ample de banda en protocols d'encaminament en escenaris urbans per xarxes vehiculars ad hoc

Evaluation and comparison between the performance of AODV routing protocol in contrast with a new one ABE.[ANGLÈS] Some services are critical and require to guaranteeing a certain level of Quality of Service (QoS) on metrics such as low delay, packet loss, bandwidth among others. This issue is a big challenge in VANETs environments where the high vehicles mobility is a parameter non-measurable especially in urban scenarios, where vehicles follow a movement pattern following streets at random directions. As a consequence, routing protocols have the hard task of determining and establishing the forwarding path to send data from source to destination via multihop steps using intermediate vehicles in an efficient way.[CASTELLÀ] Algunos servicios son críticos y requieren garantizar un cierto nivel de calidad de servicio en métricas tales como retardo, pérdida de paquetes, ancho, entre otras. Esta cuestión es un gran desafío dentro de los entornos VANETs donde la alta movilidad de los vehículos es un parámetro no cuantificable especialmente en escenarios urbanos, donde los vehículos siguen un patrón de movimiento siguiendo las calles en direcciones aleatorias. Como consecuencia, los protocolos de encaminamiento tienen la difícil tarea de determinar y establecer la ruta de transmisión para enviar los datos desde el origen hacia el destino vía multisaltos utilizando los vehículos intermedios de una manera eficiente.[CATALÀ] Alguns serveis són crítics i és necessari garantir un cert nivell de qualitat del servei (QoS) en mètriques tals com el retard, la pèrdua de paquets i l'ample de banda, entre d'altres. Aquesta qüestió suposa un gran desafiament en l'entorn de les VANETs, on l'alta mobilitat dels vehicles és un paràmetre no quantificable especialment en escenaris urbans, on els vehicles segueixen un patró de moviment aleatori pels carrers de la ciutat. Com a conseqüència, els protocols d'enrutament tenen la difícil tasca de determinar i establir la ruta de transmissió per enviar les dades des de l'origen fins al destí via multi-salt utilitzant vehicles intermedis d'una manera eficient

3MRP+: an improved multimetric geographical routing protocol for VANETs

The design of routing protocols in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is fundamental to achieve a high packets’ delivery ratio. Routing protocols whose operation considers the nodes’ positions use updated routing information according to the reception frequency of hello messages. The routing information can help to improve the routing operation by including several metrics such as vehicle’s trajectory, vehicle’s density, percentage of packet losses, among others. In addition, there is a trade-off between the beaconing frequency and the overhead injected to the network: a high frequency provides a better accuracy on selecting the best forwarding node to route a packet but at the same time the overhead is increased. However, a low frequency will provide less accuracy on selecting the best forwarding candidate node but the overhead injected to the network will be decreased. In this paper we have designed an efficient method to improve the accuracy of the nodes’ position used to select the next forwarding node without any modification on the beaconing frequency value. Our approach improves the operation of the routing protocol used in our performance evaluation. Simulations show the benefits of our proposal, increasing the accuracy of the nodes’ selection and maintaining the same level of overhead, without the necessity to increase the beacon frequency.Thiswork was supported by the Spanish Government under Projects Secure “sMARt Grid using Open Source Intelligence. Data Privacy and reliable communications” (MAGOS), TEC2017-84197-C4-3-R and “INcident monitoRing In Smart COmmunities” (INRISCO),TEC2014- 54335-C4-1-R. Leticia Lemus and Nely López are recipients of a Ph.D. grant from the Academic Coordination of the University of Guadalajara, México. Pablo Barbecho is recipient of a grant from the Secretaría Nacional de Educación Superior, Ciencia y Tecnología SENESCYT, Ecuador.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Multimedia communications in vehicular adhoc networks for several applications in the smart cities

Road safety applications envisaged for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) depend largely on the exchange of messages to deliver information to concerned vehicles. Safety applications as well as inherent VANET characteristics make data dissemination an essential service and a challenging task. We are developing a decentralized efficient solution for broadcast data dissemination through two game-theoretical mechanisms. Besides, VANETs can also include autonomous vehicles (AVs). AVs might represent a revolutionary new paradigm that can be a reality in our cities in the next few years. AVs do not need a driver to work; instead, they should copy a proper human behavior to adapt the driving according to the current circumstances, such as speed limit, pedestrian crossing street or wheather conditions. We will develop an AV software module including artificial intelligence (AI) techniques so that AVs can interact with the dynamic scenario throughout time. Finally, we also will include electrical vehicles (EV) in the VANET, so that special services such as finding and reserving an EV charging station place will be welcome. In addition, we are developing a multimetric geographic routing protocol for VANETs to transmit H.265 video (traffic accident, traffic state, commercial….) over VANETsPeer Reviewe